Archive for the ‘Spanish Economy’ Category

A Review Of Spanish Mortgage Lending May 2010

Thursday, May 13th, 2010

The last few weeks have seen mixed messages coming out of Spain and the Spanish Mortgage market.

Bancaja who reduced loan to values to 60% at end of last year and removed interest only have in recent days said that they can consider on a case-by-case basis up to 65% loan to value for non-residents. This relaxation is possibly in response to a collapse of their non-resident applications and reverses a trend for them of increasingly tightening criteria’s.

Deutsche bank also announced last week that they have relaxed their criteria from 50% loan to value to 60% for non-residents.

Sol Bank conversely have; whilst keeping their 70% option; increased rates. They have incorporated a first year rate of 2.75% followed by Euribor plus 1.15% this is up from the previous 0.95% above Euribor with no first year rate incorporated.

It remains the case with all the banks with the exception of Lloyds/Halifax that life insurance is being insisted on. All Spanish banks need to cross sell other products to prop up incomes and profitability and whilst it is not legal to insist on other products are now digging in their heels whenever approving a loan. Most Spanish Banks have no access to wholesale funds to provide loans so are very reliant on lending the deposits they have and profit from other income streams.  It is also still the case that even where funds come from wholesale markets the price the banks have to pay for this money and the rates they can charge leave little actual short-term profit on lending.

More and more banks are starting to offer special mortgage terms for clients buying bank stock although promotion of this remains poor except where banks are promoting the offers to Spanish Nationals.

The trend for Euribor rates last month was upward and whilst these increases are very very small we seem to have hit the bottom on the Euribors with the trend of downward movement at the very least stalling. This does not mean we will see big increases in the various Euribor rates but small and steady increase across the board during the next few months.

All in all the news is a mixed bag with some positives and some negatives. I suspect this trend will continue as each bank assesses their own current market position and balance sheet strength with no clear consensus amongst banks as to the overall way the market is moving.

Is It Time For The Spanish Caja’s To Change?

Thursday, April 15th, 2010

This week there has been much press about the Caja’s in Spain.

Comments have come from government, analysts and the Chief Executive of Santander. All however are saying the same thing. The Caja’s must recognize and take action to bolster their liquidity and deal with their growing level of property ownership as their defaults on loans grow.

Caja’s equate to half of the financial service service providers in Spain and are unlisted businesses closest in terms of UK to building societies. Unlike building societies however which are owned by their members Caja’s are owned and run in general by political parties or regional political bodies.

Caja’s profits and policies are therefore used by the owners to enhance and finance their political agendas either at a local or national level. This means risk decisions and pricing are skewed toward political rather than business aims. Lending policy may be directed to certain groups or certain areas of funding completely at odds with what might be commercially viable but in line with gaining votes from sectors the local politicians either support or need in order to stay in power. When everything was booming no-one questioned this activity but in today’s environment the use of Caja’s to finance political agendas has become a serious problem.

Beware Of Hidden Taxes When Buying Bargain Property In Spain

Thursday, March 11th, 2010

Back a few years ago it was common practice for buyers in Spain to pay to sellers an element of the transaction in cash and declare the value of the property at completion at a lower amount than actual purchase price. Clearly, this activity was illegal and an avoidance of transfer tax on behalf of buyer and capital gain tax on behalf of seller. It was however indicative in the system with even Notaries turning a blind eye when briefcases full of cash were blatantly counted in front of them.

Because money was flowing into Spain tax authorities rarely questioned transactions where clearly the property price being seen as being paid was very low in comparison to either the formal valuation of the property, the minimum amount registered as value at Town Halls or the mortgage level.

How times have changed. Black money transactions have now disappeared from the Spanish system. The arrest and imprisonment of a number of Notaries and lawyers put paid to individuals involved in the transactions being willing to knowingly allow it to happen and it is now accepted by all that it is fact breaking the law not just something that is an accepted practice within Spain.

In 2 years, I have seen no completions where black money has even been suggested as part of the transaction. It just does not happen any more.

How perverse therefore it is that the tax authorities within the regional governments who are desperate for cash are now questioning perfectly legitimate transactions where buyers have bought and paid a price that reflects the current depressed property market or are achieving big discounts on asking price because owners are desperate to sell.

The authorities are now investigating closely all property transactions; as they have little else to do; taking the Town Hall value ( Catastral value) multiplying this by up to 2.5 times and then if you buy at a level below this sending out tax bills for the difference between the tax correctly paid on the actual purchase price and the value the regional government are stating you must have made.

It is almost impossible for you to prove you did in fact pay the amount you signed for at Notary and that no black money transaction took place and as with all tax authorities they can state what ever they believe to be true and apply a further taxation at will. Failure to pay the extra cash they are demanding will result in an embargo being placed on the property.

It is almost beyond belief that in an environment where everyone knows bargains are available and property prices have fallen so heavily and in an environment where Spain needs to kick start its tourist and property industry that regional governments who have very local agendas rather than national ones are using such tactics to fill their coffers.

In the days when they could have legitimately pursued individuals where blatant black money transactions happened on a regular basis they chose not to. Now this does not happen and the reason for the low purchase price is because that is how much is being paid for the property they are insisting that you in fact paid more The tax authorities at regional levels are now telling buyers what the purchase was in “their view” and therefore how much tax you owe.

It is important before you complete on a property in Spain you ask your lawyer to check the minimum Town Hall value apply the 2.5 times increase and then check what you are actually paying does not fall below this amount and if it does that the Lawyer makes you aware of what the tax authorities could say after completion you owe even though in fact you legitimately owe nothing.

Please get a grip Spain! you are ruining your own country. Lack of transparency, government departments who do as they please with no ability for you to argue they are wrong will eventually scare any buyers off and take Spain back to a third world economy.

Buyers before you complete on that great bargain take as many steps as you can to ensure a nasty tax bill is not going to hit you a few months down the line.

It is about time Europe stepped in let us hope someone finally challenges these practice via the European courts and the tax authorities get told to refund the tax they have illegally taken.

The Spanish Economy as Seen by the Little People

Thursday, February 11th, 2010

I am no high flying economist but recent days has seen much activity with the UK press about Spain and the Spanish Economy. Thank god someone is finally asking some questions

It is interesting that, until recently, little has been done by the Spanish Press.

Unlike UK press Spanish newspapers rarely go on crusades or overtly criticise the government preferring it would seem to just report facts or what is said rather than getting beneath issues.

This may well be a throwback to Franco days where freedom of speech was non existent. One should remember the press in Spain from that perspective is very much in its infancy and perhaps will take sometime to catch up particularly in the area of investigative journalism.

The current size of the crisis in Spain could have been avoided and even myself without the benefit of an economic degree or full understanding of the political dynamics recognised the issues some 6 to 7 years ago.

Having lived in Spain since 2002 I have seen the impact of the current economic situation but also the drivers that caused many of the internal issues we now have.

These experiences are not derived from the press or authority as to my shame I still neither speak or read Spanish fluently enough but as a small business owner who has been involved in the property industry as mortgage broker.

Most recent quotes from UK and economic authorities point to the fact that whilst Spanish Banks did not have exposure to worldwide toxic debts they have created their own.

This is in fact very true. Much is now reported about the problems the Spanish Banks have as they become more like estate agents than banks.

It is quite perverse that in 2003/2004 before the new government took over the then governor of Bank of Spain in his monthly report warned all Spanish banks in very strong terms that the level of funding they were putting into construction was too high and unsustainable. This statement was made formally and is available via public records.

Back at the point the governor shot this warning across the banks bows the level of funding for new construction was small in comparison to the level funded during the boom years of 2005 to 2007. What a shame for Spain that because of a terrorist bomb they voted out a government that had a handle on what was happening and was taking steps to prevent overheating; and voted in instead a government who had neither the desire or intellectual capacity to recognise that even without the now widely reported credit crisis Spain was heading for disaster.

The Spanish Banks themselves cannot say they were not warned. They just chose to ignore the warnings they were given and take heed of the appeal from the Bank of Spain to restrict the level of funds being provided for new construction.

It is very easy to look at the whole Spanish system, how licences for new builds are provided, who has authority to grant them what controls central government takes to see why the complete mishmash and vast amounts of unoccupied properties we now have has happened. The whole political infrastructure needs to change dramatically for Spain to ever sustain their G20 status in the longer term. Without fundamental changes it is difficult to see Spain ever pulling out of the boom to bust syndrome which has dogged them since Franco died.

I am; all this said; at loss as to why the country is in such a financial mess and where the vast amount of expenditure goes.

Taxation levels are high; it is a fallacy that tax in Spain is low. On costs of employing people are a big disincentive and rigid labour laws compound this issue.

Average monthly wages are very low and social support also much less than other European countries.

There are for instance no

• Tax credits
• Rent support for low earners
• Social security payments for unemployed are 400 euros a month once the initial dole runs out. This is it a flat payment that is not even enough to feed a family.
• Healthcare is generally good but the state does not support the health system in the same way as the UK and many opt for private health insurance and many hospitals are completely privately run
• Money spent on education again is combined with many private or partly funded schools
• Roads are not extensively lit and most new ones built done from EEC funds
• Post service appalling
• Public transport very limited

The bulk of expenditure must be spent on supporting a Civil Service that is bigger and more bureaucratic than Gungerdin. The level of inefficient government services and departments is scary.

Lack of control of expenditure by central government is well demonstrated at even micro levels. In my village alone around € 200k has just been spent on building a so called memorial that had to be built before end of 2009 or the money sent back to central government. I expected a statue which I already thought was a complete waste given current climate what in fact has been built is a property. For what purpose I am not sure.

We already have a completely refurbished and grand Town Hall and more facilities than one might expect for a population of 2000 people whilst one third of its population live in sub standard housing often with no running hot water.

Having lived in both UK and Spain I know public services are not as good in Spain and social support woefully lacking. It is therefore in fact quite frightening how much the government are in debt in comparison to what tax money supports.

Making cuts to avoid a Greece type collapse should be easy but getting Zapatero, who is known as Mr Bean by the Spanish,  to actually get to grips and resolve matters is rather like asking a 3 year old to explain the theory of relativity.